听人说mussh和pssh不错，就看了下，顺便把mussh和pssh的介绍和使用方法给大家介绍下。
先说下mussh，mussh 是shell开发的一个小工具，刚学习运维和shell的朋友可以拿来锻炼下，做个工具的二次开发。
[root@devops-ruifengyun ~ ]$ apt-get install mussh
正在读取软件包列表... 完成 正在分析软件包的依赖关系树 正在读取状态信息... 完成 下列软件包是自动安装的并且现在不需要了： kde-l10n-engb kde-l10n-zhcn libffi6:i386 libglib2.0-0:i386 libsystemd-daemon0:i386 libudev1:i386 python-async python-git python-gitdb python-smmap Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them. 下列【新】软件包将被安装： mussh 升级了 0 个软件包，新安装了 1 个软件包，要卸载 0 个软件包，有 205 个软件包未被升级。 需要下载 14.4 kB 的软件包。 解压缩后会消耗掉 71.7 kB 的额外空间。 获取：1 http://mirrors.oschina.net/ubuntu/ saucy/universe mussh all 1.0-1 [14.4 kB] 下载 14.4 kB，耗时 0秒 (30.3 kB/s) Selecting previously unselected package mussh. (正在读取数据库 ... 系统当前共安装有 234998 个文件和目录。) 正在解压缩 mussh (从 .../archives/mussh_1.0-1_all.deb) ... 正在处理用于 man-db 的触发器... 正在设置 mussh (1.0-1) ... [root@devops-ruifengyun ~ ]$
mussh的帮助，会看到他的帮助相当的简单。
咱们直接跑一个例子，首先需要把对端的主机放到一个文件里面。然后mussh 调用-H 识别主机的list列表。[root@devops-ruifengyun ~ ]$
http://rfyiamcool.blog.51cto.com/
[root@devops-ruifengyun ~ ]$ cat mu.list
10.1.25.46
10.1.25.47
10.1.25.48
10.1.25.49
[root@devops-ruifengyun ~ ]$
[root@devops-ruifengyun ~ ]$
[root@devops-ruifengyun ~ ]$ mussh -H ./mu.list -c ‘dir’
10.154.252.46: a.py install.log keepalived-1.2.12
10.154.252.46: epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm install.log.syslog keepalived-1.2.12.tar.gz
10.154.252.47: install.log install.log.syslog keepalived-1.2.12 keepalived-1.2.12.tar.gz
10.154.252.48: install.log install.log.syslog rs.sh
10.154.252.49: install.log install.log.syslog rs.sh
[root@devops-ruifengyun ~ ]$
[root@devops-ruifengyun ~ ]$
测试他有没有并发的特性。
[root@devops-ruifengyun ~ ]$ time mussh -H ./mu.list -c ‘sleep 3;dir’
10.154.252.46: a.py install.log keepalived-1.2.12
10.154.252.46: epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm install.log.syslog keepalived-1.2.12.tar.gz
10.154.252.47: install.log install.log.syslog keepalived-1.2.12 keepalived-1.2.12.tar.gz
10.154.252.48: install.log install.log.syslog rs.sh
10.154.252.49: install.log install.log.syslog rs.sh
mussh -H ./mu.list -c ‘sleep 3;dir’ 0.04s user 0.16s system 1% cpu 13.206 total
[root@devops-ruifengyun ~ ]$
果然没有并发执行。。。这也太不咋低了。
mussh支持发送脚本并执行的，在mussh的cli命令行 直接 -C 跟着脚本就可以了。
[root@devops-ruifengyun ~ ]$ time mussh -H ./mu.list -C c.sh
10.154.252.46: a.py install.log keepalived-1.2.12
10.154.252.46: epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm install.log.syslog keepalived-1.2.12.tar.gz
10.154.252.47: install.log install.log.syslog keepalived-1.2.12 keepalived-1.2.12.tar.gz
10.154.252.48: install.log install.log.syslog rs.sh
10.154.252.49: install.log install.log.syslog rs.sh
mussh -H ./mu.list -C c.sh 0.10s user 0.17s system 42% cpu 0.629 total
[root@devops-ruifengyun ~ ]$
[root@devops-ruifengyun ~ ]$
[root@devops-ruifengyun ~ ]$
咱们再来测试下pssh这个比mussh要高端的东西，pssh是python开发的一个用来批量管理linux主机的工具。
pssh相关参数
pssh在多个主机上并行地运行命令
-h 执行命令的远程主机列表,文件内容格式[user@]host[:port]
如 test@172.16.10.10:229
-H 执行命令主机，主机格式 user@ip:port
-l 远程机器的用户名
-p 一次最大允许多少连接
-P 执行时输出执行信息
-o 输出内容重定向到一个文件
-e 执行错误重定向到一个文件
-t 设置命令执行超时时间
-A 提示输入密码并且把密码传递给ssh(如果私钥也有密码也用这个参数)
-O 设置ssh一些选项
-x 设置ssh额外的一些参数，可以多个，不同参数间空格分开
-X 同-x,但是只能设置一个参数
-i 显示标准输出和标准错误在每台host执行完毕后
附加工具
pscp 传输文件到多个hosts，类似scp
pscp -h hosts.txt -l irb2 foo.txt /home/irb2/foo.txt
pslurp 从多台远程机器拷贝文件到本地
pnuke 并行在远程主机杀进程
pnuke -h hosts.txt -l irb2 java
prsync 使用rsync协议从本地计算机同步到远程主机
prsync -r -h hosts.txt -l irb2 foo /home/irb2/foo
[root@vm-10-154-252-82 ~]$
[root@vm-10-154-252-82 ~]$cat list
10.154.252.46
10.154.252.47
10.154.252.48
10.154.252.49
[root@vm-10-154-252-82 ~]$
[root@vm-10-154-252-82 ~]$
[root@vm-10-154-252-82 ~]$pssh -i -h list ‘uptime’
[1] 10:10:14 [SUCCESS] 10.154.252.46
10:10:14 up 62 days, 19:26, 2 users, load average: 0.08, 0.02, 0.03
[2] 10:10:14 [SUCCESS] 10.154.252.49
10:10:14 up 62 days, 19:30, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00
[3] 10:10:14 [SUCCESS] 10.154.252.48
10:10:14 up 62 days, 20:49, 1 user, load average: 0.13, 0.03, 0.01
[4] 10:10:14 [SUCCESS] 10.154.252.47
10:10:14 up 62 days, 19:59, 0 users, load average: 0.28, 0.08, 0.02
[root@vm-10-154-252-82 ~]$
[root@vm-10-154-252-82 ~]$
pssh 是python行的，容易实现程序调度的并发。
[root@vm-10-154-252-82 ~]$time pssh -i -h list ‘sleep 3;uptime’
http://rfyiamcool.blog.51cto.com/ [1] 10:13:10 [SUCCESS] 10.154.252.46 10:13:10 up 62 days, 19:29, 2 users, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.01 [2] 10:13:10 [SUCCESS] 10.154.252.47 10:13:10 up 62 days, 20:02, 0 users, load average: 0.01, 0.04, 0.00 [3] 10:13:10 [SUCCESS] 10.154.252.49 10:13:10 up 62 days, 19:33, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00 [4] 10:13:10 [SUCCESS] 10.154.252.48 10:13:10 up 62 days, 20:52, 1 user, load average: 0.06, 0.04, 0.00 real 0m3.175s user 0m0.101s sys 0m0.038s
pssh的源码是在 /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/psshlib
我们可以看看他的主调度的模块，managepy
import select import signal import sys import threading
里面含有这四个模块。 select用来做调度，signal用来做超时的判断，threading 用来做多任务的并发执行。 pssh 远程的ssh执行，没有调用paramiko或者是fabric这样现成的ssh库，而是直接用subprocess调用系统的ssh进程。
def clear_sigchld_handler(self): signal.signal(signal.SIGCHLD, signal.SIG_DFL) def set_sigchld_handler(self): # TODO: find out whether set_wakeup_fd still works if the default # signal handler is used (I'm pretty sure it doesn't work if the # signal is ignored). signal.signal(signal.SIGCHLD, self.handle_sigchld) # This should keep reads and writes from getting EINTR. if hasattr(signal, 'siginterrupt'): signal.siginterrupt(signal.SIGCHLD, False) def handle_sigchld(self, number, frame): """Apparently we need a sigchld handler to make set_wakeup_fd work.""" # Write to the signal pipe (only for Python <2.5, where the # set_wakeup_fd method doesn't exist). if self.iomap.wakeup_writefd: os.write(self.iomap.wakeup_writefd, '\0') for task in self.running: if task.proc: task.proc.poll() # Apparently some UNIX systems automatically resent the SIGCHLD # handler to SIG_DFL. Reset it just in case. self.set_sigchld_handler() def check_timeout(self): """Kills timed-out processes and returns the lowest time left.""" if self.timeout <= 0: return None min_timeleft = None for task in self.running: timeleft = self.timeout - task.elapsed() if timeleft <= 0: task.timedout() continue if min_timeleft is None or timeleft < min_timeleft: min_timeleft = timeleft if min_timeleft is None: return 0 else: return max(0, min_timeleft)
解析主机host文件的逻辑
def read_host_files(paths, default_user=None, default_port=None): """Reads the given host files. Returns a list of (host, port, user) triples. """ hosts = [] if paths: for path in paths: hosts.extend(read_host_file(path, default_user=default_user)) return hosts def read_host_file(path, default_user=None, default_port=None): """Reads the given host file. Lines are of the form: host[:port] [login]. Returns a list of (host, port, user) triples. """ lines = [] f = open(path) for line in f: lines.append(line.strip()) f.close() hosts = [] for line in lines: # Skip blank lines or lines starting with # line = line.strip() if not line or line.startswith('#'): continue host, port, user = parse_host_entry(line, default_user, default_port) if host: hosts.append((host, port, user)) return hosts
再来看看执行命令的逻辑.
def start(self, nodenum, iomap, writer, askpass_socket=None): """Starts the process and registers files with the IOMap.""" self.writer = writer if writer: self.outfile, self.errfile = writer.open_files(self.pretty_host) # Set up the environment. environ = dict(os.environ) environ['PSSH_NODENUM'] = str(nodenum) environ['PSSH_HOST'] = self.host # Disable the GNOME pop-up password dialog and allow ssh to use # askpass.py to get a provided password. If the module file is # askpass.pyc, we replace the extension. environ['SSH_ASKPASS'] = askpass_client.executable_path() if askpass_socket: environ['PSSH_ASKPASS_SOCKET'] = askpass_socket if self.verbose: environ['PSSH_ASKPASS_VERBOSE'] = '1' # Work around a mis-feature in ssh where it won't call SSH_ASKPASS # if DISPLAY is unset. if 'DISPLAY' not in environ: environ['DISPLAY'] = 'pssh-gibberish' # Create the subprocess. Since we carefully call set_cloexec() on # all open files, we specify close_fds=False. self.proc = Popen(self.cmd, stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE, close_fds=False, preexec_fn=os.setsid, env=environ) self.timestamp = time.time() if self.inputbuffer: self.stdin = self.proc.stdin iomap.register_write(self.stdin.fileno(), self.handle_stdin) else: self.proc.stdin.close() self.stdout = self.proc.stdout iomap.register_read(self.stdout.fileno(), self.handle_stdout) self.stderr = self.proc.stderr iomap.register_read(self.stderr.fileno(), self.handle_stderr)
其实这两个工具都不太满意，还是推荐用ansible和saltstack这样的扩展性比较强的工具。
当然还是要看你的环境，怎么爽怎么来 ！！！
